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class="sidebar-link">面试官：你有写过自定义指令吗？自定义指令的应用场景有哪些？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/filter.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：Vue中的过滤器了解吗？过滤器的应用场景有哪些？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/vnode.html" class="sidebar-link">虚拟DOM</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/diff.html" class="sidebar-link">Diff 算法</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/axios.html" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">面试官：Vue项目中有封装过axios吗？主要是封装哪方面的？</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue/axios.html#一、axios是什么" class="sidebar-link">一、axios是什么</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue/axios.html#二、为什么要封装" class="sidebar-link">二、为什么要封装</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue/axios.html#三、如何封装" class="sidebar-link">三、如何封装</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/fe/vue/axios.html#参考文献" class="sidebar-link">参考文献</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/axios_code.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：你了解axios的原理吗？有看过它的源码吗？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/ssr.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：SSR解决了什么问题？有做过SSR吗？你是怎么做的？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/structure.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：说下你的vue项目的目录结构，如果是大型项目你该怎么划分结构和划分组件呢？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/permission.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：vue要做权限管理该怎么做？如果控制到按钮级别的权限怎么做？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/cors.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：Vue项目中你是如何解决跨域的呢？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/404.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：vue项目本地开发完成后部署到服务器后报404是什么原因呢？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/error.html" class="sidebar-link">面试官：你是怎么处理vue项目中的错误的？</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/vue_router.html" class="sidebar-link">Vue Router</a></li><li><a href="/fe/vue/vue-debounce-throttle.html" class="sidebar-link">vue防抖调研</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Vue3</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>React</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Webpack</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Node.js</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>性能优化</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>手写代码</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="面试官-vue项目中有封装过axios吗-主要是封装哪方面的"><a href="#面试官-vue项目中有封装过axios吗-主要是封装哪方面的" class="header-anchor">#</a> 面试官：Vue项目中有封装过axios吗？主要是封装哪方面的？</h1> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/2bf1e460-45a7-11eb-85f6-6fac77c0c9b3.png" alt=""></p> <h2 id="一、axios是什么"><a href="#一、axios是什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> 一、axios是什么</h2> <p><code>axios</code> 是一个轻量的 <code>HTTP</code>客户端</p> <p>基于 <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> 服务来执行 <code>HTTP</code> 请求，支持丰富的配置，支持 <code>Promise</code>，支持浏览器端和 <code>Node.js</code> 端。自<code>Vue</code>2.0起，尤大宣布取消对 <code>vue-resource</code> 的官方推荐，转而推荐 <code>axios</code>。现在 <code>axios</code> 已经成为大部分 <code>Vue</code> 开发者的首选</p> <h3 id="特性"><a href="#特性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 特性</h3> <ul><li>从浏览器中创建 <code>XMLHttpRequests</code></li> <li>从 <code>node.js</code> 创建 <code>http</code>请求</li> <li>支持 <code>Promise</code> API</li> <li>拦截请求和响应</li> <li>转换请求数据和响应数据</li> <li>取消请求</li> <li>自动转换<code>JSON</code> 数据</li> <li>客户端支持防御<code>XSRF</code></li></ul> <h3 id="基本使用"><a href="#基本使用" class="header-anchor">#</a> 基本使用</h3> <p>安装</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 项目中安装</span>
npm install axios <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token constant">S</span>
<span class="token comment">// cdn 引入</span>
<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>script src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;https://unpkg.com/axios/dist/axios.min.js&quot;</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>导入</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> axios <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'axios'</span>
</code></pre></div><p>发送请求</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">axios</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>        
  url<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">'xxx'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>    <span class="token comment">// 设置请求的地址</span>
  method<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token string">&quot;GET&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 设置请求方法</span>
  params<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>      <span class="token comment">// get请求使用params进行参数凭借,如果是post请求用data</span>
    type<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    page<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
  <span class="token comment">// res为后端返回的数据</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>   
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>并发请求<code>axios.all([])</code></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getUserAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/user/12345'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getUserPermissions</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/user/12345/permissions'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token function">getUserAccount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">getUserPermissions</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">spread</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> res2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
    <span class="token comment">// res1第一个请求的返回的内容，res2第二个请求返回的内容</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 两个请求都执行完成才会执行</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="二、为什么要封装"><a href="#二、为什么要封装" class="header-anchor">#</a> 二、为什么要封装</h2> <p><code>axios</code> 的 API 很友好，你完全可以很轻松地在项目中直接使用。</p> <p>不过随着项目规模增大，如果每发起一次<code>HTTP</code>请求，就要把这些比如设置超时时间、设置请求头、根据项目环境判断使用哪个请求地址、错误处理等等操作，都需要写一遍</p> <p>这种重复劳动不仅浪费时间，而且让代码变得冗余不堪，难以维护。为了提高我们的代码质量，我们应该在项目中二次封装一下 <code>axios</code> 再使用</p> <p>举个例子：</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">axios</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'http://localhost:3000/data'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 配置代码</span>
  method<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'GET'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  timeout<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  withCredentials<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  headers<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token string">'Content-Type'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'application/json'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    Authorization<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'xxx'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  transformRequest<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">data<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> data<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 其他请求配置...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">data</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// todo: 真正业务逻辑代码</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 错误处理代码  </span>
  <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">.</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">401</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// handle authorization error</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">.</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">403</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// handle server forbidden error</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 其他错误处理.....</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>如果每个页面都发送类似的请求，都要写一堆的配置与错误处理，就显得过于繁琐了</p> <p>这时候我们就需要对<code>axios</code>进行二次封装，让使用更为便利</p> <h2 id="三、如何封装"><a href="#三、如何封装" class="header-anchor">#</a> 三、如何封装</h2> <p>封装的同时，你需要和 后端协商好一些约定，请求头，状态码，请求超时时间.......</p> <p>设置接口请求前缀：根据开发、测试、生产环境的不同，前缀需要加以区分</p> <p>请求头 :  来实现一些具体的业务，必须携带一些参数才可以请求(例如：会员业务)</p> <p>状态码:   根据接口返回的不同<code>status</code> ， 来执行不同的业务，这块需要和后端约定好</p> <p>请求方法：根据<code>get</code>、<code>post</code>等方法进行一个再次封装，使用起来更为方便</p> <p>请求拦截器:  根据请求的请求头设定，来决定哪些请求可以访问</p> <p>响应拦截器： 这块就是根据 后端`返回来的状态码判定执行不同业务</p> <h3 id="设置接口请求前缀"><a href="#设置接口请求前缀" class="header-anchor">#</a> 设置接口请求前缀</h3> <p>利用<code>node</code>环境变量来作判断，用来区分开发、测试、生产环境</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NODE_ENV</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'development'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span>defaults<span class="token punctuation">.</span>baseURL <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'http://dev.xxx.com'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">NODE_ENV</span> <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'production'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span>defaults<span class="token punctuation">.</span>baseURL <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'http://prod.xxx.com'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>在本地调试的时候，还需要在<code>vue.config.js</code>文件中配置<code>devServer</code>实现代理转发，从而实现跨域</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code>devServer<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    proxy<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token string">'/proxyApi'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        target<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'http://dev.xxx.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        changeOrigin<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        pathRewrite<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token string">'/proxyApi'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">''</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="设置请求头与超时时间"><a href="#设置请求头与超时时间" class="header-anchor">#</a> 设置请求头与超时时间</h3> <p>大部分情况下，请求头都是固定的，只有少部分情况下，会需要一些特殊的请求头，这里将普适性的请求头作为基础配置。当需要特殊请求头时，将特殊请求头作为参数传入，覆盖基础配置</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> service <span class="token operator">=</span> axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token operator">...</span>
    timeout<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">30000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>  <span class="token comment">// 请求 30s 超时</span>
	  headers<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        get<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token string">'Content-Type'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8'</span>
          <span class="token comment">// 在开发中，一般还需要单点登录或者其他功能的通用请求头，可以一并配置进来</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        post<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token string">'Content-Type'</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'application/json;charset=utf-8'</span>
          <span class="token comment">// 在开发中，一般还需要单点登录或者其他功能的通用请求头，可以一并配置进来</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="封装请求方法"><a href="#封装请求方法" class="header-anchor">#</a> 封装请求方法</h3> <p>先引入封装好的方法，在要调用的接口重新封装成一个方法暴露出去</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// get 请求</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">httpGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  params <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      params
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token function">reject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// post</span>
<span class="token comment">// post请求</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">httpPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  params <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">axios</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      url<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      method<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'post'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      transformRequest<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">data</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">let</span> ret <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">''</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> it <span class="token keyword">in</span> data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          ret <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token function">encodeURIComponent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>it<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'='</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token function">encodeURIComponent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span>it<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'&amp;'</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> ret
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token comment">// 发送的数据</span>
      data<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token comment">// url参数</span>
      params

    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>把封装的方法放在一个<code>api.js</code>文件中</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> httpGet<span class="token punctuation">,</span> httpPost <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./http'</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">getorglist</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">params <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">httpGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'apps/api/org/list'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> params <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>页面中就能直接调用</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// .vue</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> getorglist <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@/assets/js/api'</span>

<span class="token function">getorglist</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">200</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">res</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>这样可以把<code>api</code>统一管理起来，以后维护修改只需要在<code>api.js</code>文件操作即可</p> <h3 id="请求拦截器"><a href="#请求拦截器" class="header-anchor">#</a> 请求拦截器</h3> <p>请求拦截器可以在每个请求里加上token，做了统一处理后维护起来也方便</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 请求拦截器</span>
axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span>interceptors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>request<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
  <span class="token parameter">config</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 每次发送请求之前判断是否存在token</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 如果存在，则统一在http请求的header都加上token，这样后台根据token判断你的登录情况，此处token一般是用户完成登录后储存到localstorage里的</span>
    token <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token punctuation">.</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Authorization <span class="token operator">=</span> token<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> config
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token parameter">error</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="响应拦截器"><a href="#响应拦截器" class="header-anchor">#</a> 响应拦截器</h3> <p>响应拦截器可以在接收到响应后先做一层操作，如根据状态码判断登录状态、授权</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 响应拦截器</span>
axios<span class="token punctuation">.</span>interceptors<span class="token punctuation">.</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">response</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 如果返回的状态码为200，说明接口请求成功，可以正常拿到数据</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 否则的话抛出错误</span>
  <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">200</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>code <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">511</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token comment">// 未授权调取授权接口</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>code <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">510</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token comment">// 未登录跳转登录页</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token parameter">error</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token comment">// 我们可以在这里对异常状态作统一处理</span>
  <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">.</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>status<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 处理请求失败的情况</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 对不同返回码对相应处理</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>error<span class="token punctuation">.</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="header-anchor">#</a> 小结</h3> <ul><li>封装是编程中很有意义的手段，简单的<code>axios</code>封装，就可以让我们可以领略到它的魅力</li> <li>封装 <code>axios</code> 没有一个绝对的标准，只要你的封装可以满足你的项目需求，并且用起来方便，那就是一个好的封装方案</li></ul> <h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考文献</h2> <ul><li>https://www.html.cn/qa/vue-js/20544.html</li> <li>https://juejin.cn/post/6844904033782611976</li> <li>https://juejin.cn/post/6844903801451708429</li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间:</span> <span class="time">12/14/2021, 10:12:35 AM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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